Headache Analyzer

Glossary

Headache terms and definitions


This is an alphabetical listing of some terms that you may hear when headaches are discussed. Many pertain to physical conditions which exist at the same time headaches occur.
(select first letter of the term you wish to define)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

acetaminophen
An analgesic often used to replace aspirin. Found to be less irritating to the stomach lining.

American Council for Headache Education (ACHE)
An organization of professionals and patients whose purpose is to educate patients and the public about developments in headache treatment.

alcohol sensitivity
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) clearly as a result of sensitivity to alcohol. Alcohol has a direct effect on blood vessel walls causing vascular dilation.

American Headache Society (AHS)
A medical professional organization interested in the study and treatment of headaches.

amitriptyline
An anti-depressant agent with mild tranquilizing properties sometimes used in the treatment of depression or sleep disorders.

analgesic
A pain reliever which increases a patient's level of tolerance.

analgesic or caffeine withdrawal headache
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) followed by sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, perhaps vomiting causing the sufferer to want to lay down in a dark quiet place. Usually present upon awakening in the morning due to overnight withdrawal of caffeine during sleep. Caffeine sources usually include coffee, tea, caffeine based carbonated beverages, and headache medicines such as Fiorecet, Fioridil, Excedrin, and Anacin. These headaches are relieved after enough caffeine is ingested during the day. Caffeine withdrawal headaches rarely bother the sufferer during the afternoon or evening hours.

aneurysm
A weak point within the wall of artery leading it to bulge at that point. This weak point could burst and hemorrhage within the brain and the increased pressure could cause severe headache and neck pain.

anti-inflammatory
A group of drugs used to reduce inflammation sometimes used in headache treatment.

anti-convulsant
A drug used to prevent or arrest seizures.

anti-depressant
A drug used to counteract depression.

antiemetics
Drugs designed to treat nausea or vomiting

anxiety - stress
A sense of uneasiness or nervousness, as if something bad is about to happen, even when nothing is wrong, it can induce a TENSION type headache. Generally if the anxiety itself is treated successfully, the headaches will dissipate.

aspartame
A low calorie sweetening agent that triggers migraine in some people.

aura
Prelude to symptoms of an oncoming migraine headache attack.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


B

blepharoptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid.

barbiturate
Possible habit-forming drugs which are are derived from barbituric acid; used for their tranquilizing, anti-seizure, and hypnotic effects.

beta-blocker
Drugs designed to lower blood pressure frequently used in migraine headache treatment.

bilateral
Occurring on both sides.

botox (botulinum toxin)
Botulinum toxin is a protein that helps stop muscle spasms.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


C

caffeine or analgesic withdrawal headache
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) followed by sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, perhaps vomiting causing the sufferer to want to lay down in a dark quiet place. Usually present upon awakening in the morning due to overnight withdrawal of caffeine during sleep. Caffeine sources usually include coffee, tea, caffeine based carbonated beverages, and headache medicines such as Fiorecet, Fioridil, Excedrin, and Anacin. These headaches are relieved after enough caffeine is ingested during the day. Caffeine withdrawal headaches rarely bother the sufferer during the afternoon or evening hours.

calcium channel blocker
Drugs that limit the absorption of calcium through cell walls; used in drug therapy of hypertension and headache.

CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography)
The use of a computer to process data from a tomograph for a reconstruction display of the body in cross section on a screen.

catamenial headache (FEMALE ONLY)
A VASCULAR type headache occurring only during the menstrual period, characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) followed by sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, perhaps vomiting causing the sufferer to want to lay down in a dark quiet place. Although it can last 2 to 5 days, it is usually less, and often goes away after a sound sleep.

cephalalgia
synonym: Headache

cephalea
Violent headache sometimes occurring in influenza and in the early stages of some other infectious diseases.

cerebral dysrhythmia
An abnormal rhythm of brain waves, detected by an EEG, symptomatic of epilepsy.

chocolate sensitivity
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) which is triggered by a sensitivity to ingested chocolate or cocoa.

chronic
Long term; lasting three months or more.

chronic headache
A frequently occurring headache repeating over a long period of time (six months or more).

chronic daily headache
An umbrella term for a headache disorder. Often defined as headache that occurs for 15 or more days per month for more than 6 months, lasting more than 4 hours per day. Chronic daily headache can be classified as either primary or secondary headache. Primary headache disorders in this category include transformed migraine, chronic tension-type headache, new daily persistent headache and hemicrania continua. Chronic daily headache is also associated with medication overuse in some cases.

classical migraine
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) followed by sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, perhaps vomiting, causing the sufferer to want to lay down in a dark quiet place. Although it can last 2 to 5 days, it is usually less, and often goes away after a sound sleep. This headache is preceded by a visual aura of flashing, blinking, or shimmering lights, often making a crescent shape, lasting 15 to 20 minutes before the onset of headache pain.

cluster headache
Headache usually occurring in the vicinity of one eye, extremely intense in nature, reoccurring in clustered periods; occurs mainly in males.

coital headache
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by severe head pounding, clearly triggered by sexual activity.

common migraine
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) followed by sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, perhaps vomiting and sick feelings causing the sufferer to wish to lie down in a dark quiet place. It can last up to 2 to 5 days (usually less) and often goes away after a sound sleep.

complicated migraine
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) with specific neuralgic signs and symptoms developing as part of the headache. These symptoms could be blindness, loss of vision off to one side, dizziness, weakness of extremities, double vision, or the inability to speak or find proper words.

comorbidity
The coexistence of two or more unrelated diseases at the same time.

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
The use of a computer to process data from a tomograph for a reconstruction display of the body in cross section on a screen.

congenital ptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid.

congestion
The presence of abnormal amounts of fluid in an organ.

conjunctival
Relating to the mucous membrane on the front surface of the eyeball and the back surface of the eyelid.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


D

depression
A mental state characterized by feelings of loneliness, despair, sadness or low self-esteem.

diagnosis
A process of examination of patient data and history to determine the causes of an illness so proper a treatment can be instituted.

dysthymia
A chronic mood disorder manifested as depression.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


E

edema
A watery fluid buildup in cells or tissues.

EEG (electroencephalogram)
A recording of the electrical potentials of the brain via electrodes attached to the scalp; used to diagnose abnormal brain function.

endorphins
Chemical substances produced by the brain which have natural analgesic properties.

epilepsy
A chronic disorder characterized by paroxysmal (sharp spasming or convulsing) brain dysfunction due to excessive neuronal discharge.

episodic
Irregular occurring episodes of a symptom.

exertional headache
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by severe head pounding, clearly triggered by vigorous exercise, such as running or climbing stairs.

eyestrain
A TENSION type headache characterized by dull aching discomfort when trying to focus your eyes, especially when trying to read fine print.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


F

Return to Alphabetical Directory


G

giant cell arteritis
Inflammation of the large arteries in the temples causing moderate to severe pain, especially when pressure is applied to tender areas. Sometimes associated with unilateral blindness.
glaucoma
Increased introcular pressure causing eye pain, nausea and a sense of seeing rings or halos around lights.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


H

headache
Generally considered a collective term used to describe pain in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.
hemicrania continua headache
A headache that has been present for more than one month, that is unilateral (one-sided), is continuous but may vary in intensity. The pain is moderate or severe at least some of the time.
hormone replacement therapy
Use of synthetic hormones to replace female hormones no longer naturally produced by the body.
hypertension
High blood pressure.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


I

ice cream headache
A headache that manifests itself in the area of the roof of the mouth caused by eating something extremely cold very quickly.
idiopathic
Occurring spontaneously without known cause.
International Headache Society (IHS)
An international organization of medical professional which standardized a set of criteria for defining headache types.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


J

Return to Alphabetical Directory


K

Return to Alphabetical Directory


L

lacrimation
An excessive secretion of tears

Return to Alphabetical Directory


M

macromastia (FEMALE ONLY)
A TENSION type headache characterized by continuous dull aching pain and stiffness, involving shoulder and neck muscles. Pain between the shoulder blades, temples, forehead, and tightening and tenderness at the base of the scalp are common. Pain is aggravated by bending over and improved by laying back and relaxing. Directly related to a woman's full figure.
MAO Inhibitors - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
A class of drugs used for treating depression and also found useful in treatment of migraine
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
A diagnostic process using nuclear magnetic resonance technology in which protons of a patient's body are aligned in a strong magnetic field to emit radio frequency signals which are then converted into images permitting three dimensional viewing.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
A diagnostic process using nuclear magnetic resonance technology in which protons of a patient's body are aligned in a strong magnetic field to emit radio frequency signals which are then converted into images permitting three dimensional viewing.
migraine
A symptom complex occurring periodically and characterized by pain in the head (usually unilateral), vertigo, nausea, and vomiting, photophobia and scintillating appearances of light. Further classified as classic, common, cluster, hemiplegic, ophthalmoplegic, and ophthalmic.
miosis
Contraction of the pupil of the eye.
monosodium glutamate (MSG) sensitivity
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) which is triggered by a sensitivity to ingested MSG (monosodium glutamate), a flavor enhancer found in prepared food, often Chinese.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


N

new daily persistent headache
A headache where average frequency is greater than 15 days per month for more than 1 month. Average duration of NDPH is more than 4 hours. It is usually constant during this time but may vary if treated. Typically, the headache pain does not change location and there is no previous history of migraine or episodic tension-type headache.
neuralgia
The pain spasms of a major nerve, can be sudden, jabbing, repetitive
neurologic
Having to do with the nervous system.
neurologist
A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
neurology
The study of the nervous system.
neurotransmitters
Chemical agents which allow the transmission of signals across nerve synapses.
neurovascular
Having to do with a combination of the vascular and nervous systems.
nitrite sensitivity
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) which is triggered by a sensitivity to ingested nitrites, a salt of nitrous acid, often used in food preservation.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


O

obsessive-compulsive
Having a tendency to perform certain repetitive acts or ritualistic behavior to relieve anxiety. An underlying cause for certain TENSION type headaches. Generally if the obsessive-compulsive behavior itself is successfully treated, the headaches will dissipate.
Occipital Neuralgia
Pain characterized by severe throbbing or stabbing in the base of the skull at the rear of the head, generally of a posttraumatic nature.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


P

phonophobia
Fear of any sound.
photophobia
Fear and avoidance of light.
posttraumatic headache
Headache derived as a direct result of trauma to the head.
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Symptoms experienced by some women prior to menstruation.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


Q

Return to Alphabetical Directory


R

rebound headache
A headache brought on by the excessive use of painkillers.
red wine sensitivity
A VASCULAR type headache characterized by slowly increasing pain (dull or throbbing) which is triggered by a sensitivity to ingesting red wine (especially if the wine contains nitrites).
rhinorrhea
A discharge from the nasal mucous membrane

Return to Alphabetical Directory


S

scalp neuroma
A ball of scar tissue forming on a nerve after a trauma has crushed the nerve against the skull bone. Sharp, sudden, brief twinges of pain may occur spontaneously or with light touch such as brushing your hair.
sinusitis
Dull continuous pain originating from an infected sinus. The pain may shift or slosh with tilting of the face and is often associated with nasal discharge.
sleep apnea
Breathing trouble occurring in deep sleep when muscles surrounding the airway over relax and allow the breathing tube to collapse, blocking the passage of air. Frequent arousal to lighter sleep allows breathing to resume, but results in sleep deprivation.
stress - anxiety
A sense of uneasiness or nervousness, as if something bad is about to happen, even when nothing is wrong, it can induce a TENSION type headache. Generally if the anxiety itself is treated successfully, the headaches will dissipate.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


T

temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)
Pain originating in the temporal mandibular joint (jaw) from wear (arthritis), misalignment or teeth grinding. Causes discomfort in the temples, neck and sometimes the shoulders. Symptoms are aggravated when opening the mouth widely - as at the dentist office.
tomography
A cross-sectional X-Ray
transformed migraine
Transformed migraine (TM) or chronic migraine. Individuals having TM have daily or almost daily pain for more than 15 days per month for more than a 1 month period. On average, the headache if untreated lasts more than 4 hours. Persons suffering from TM also have one or more of the following: a history of episodic migraine, a history of increasing headache frequency with lessening severity of migrainous features (photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, throbbing, unilateral pain) during the last 3 months.
trigeminal neuralgia
Intense jabs of facial pain caused by a disorder of the trigeminal nerve.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


U

Return to Alphabetical Directory


V

vasioconstriction
The narrowing of blood vessels.
vasiodialation
The widening of blood vessels.

Return to Alphabetical Directory


W

Return to Alphabetical Directory


X

Return to Alphabetical Directory


Y

Return to Alphabetical Directory


Z

Return to Alphabetical Directory